i
Our call to publish in our next issue is now open!
The Revista de Derecho Económico (Journal of Economic Law) invites the academic community, both national and international, to send their articles to our website, in the "Send article" section. The article must comply the rules indicated in the "Submissions" section.
The call is open untill October 15, 2023.
Screening data de carteles como evidencia bajo la jurisprudencia de la Unión Europea
Authors
-
Diego Montero Bastías
Abogado, Chile
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9961-6044
Abstract
Este trabajo desarrolla en profundidad temas relacionados con el uso de data screening como evidencia en casos de investigación de carteles bajo la jurisprudencia de la Unión Europea. El análisis de estos aspectos, referidos al uso de resultados de screening como evidencia, descansa en la revisión de jurisprudencia Europea, la que permite arrojar cierta luz sobre los principios aplicables a este tipo de casos. La primera parte del trabajo analiza, en general, los diferentes métodos de detección de carteles. A continuación, específicamente respecto al data screening, se estudia su adopción por parte de agencias de competencia de distintas jurisdicciones. Luego, la revisión se centra en las diferentes categorías y tipos de screening de carteles, que se encuentran en la literatura especializada, así como en el estudio doctrinario de los distintos beneficios de
su uso como herramienta de detección y la identificación de sus principales dificultades.
Finalmente, se revisan los casos de la Unión Europea relevantes para la construcción de un estándar correcto para la ejecución de allanamientos, cuando la decisión se ha fundado en los resultados de data screening, así como el adecuado análisis de los resultados indicados anteriormente para la determinación de una infracción al artículo 101 del Tratado de Funcionamiento de la Unión Europea
Keywords:
cartel, colusión, detección de carteles, data screening, allanamientosReferences
* Abrantes-Metz, Rosa and Patrick Bajari (2010). “Screens for Conspiracies and Their Multiple Applications”. CPI Journal, 6 (2): 129-144. Available at https://tipg.link/NRfC.
* Abrantes-Metz, Rosa and Albert Metz (2018). “Can Machine Learning Aid in Cartel Detection?” CPI Antitrust Chronicle, July. Available at https://tipg.link/NRfF.
—. (2019). “The Future of Cartel Deterrence and Detection”. CPI Antitrust Chronicle, January. Available at https://tipg.link/NRfI.
* Abrantes-Metz, Rosa and Daniel Sokol (2012). “The lessons from Libor for detection and deterrence of cartel wrongdoing”. Harvard Business Law Review Online, 3: 10-16. Available at https://tipg.link/NRfK.
* Beth, Hannes and Oliver Gannon (2022). “Cartel screening-can competition authorities and corporations afford not to use big data to detect cartels?” Competition Law & Policy Debate, 7 (2): 77-88. Available at https://tipg.link/NRfh.
* Beth, Hannes and Thilo Reimers (2019). “Screening Methods for the Detection of Antitrust Infringements”. Compliance Business - Das Online-Magazin, 3. Available at https://tipg.link/NRfm.
* Contreras, Jorge, Anabel Kingma and Miroslava Scholten (2020). “Putting Dawn Raids under Control”. Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies (YARS), 13 (22): 145-168. Available at https://tipg.link/NRfn.
* Combe, Emmanuel, Constance Monnier and Renaud Legal (2008). “Cartels: The Probability of Getting Caught in the European Union”. Bruges European Economic Research Papers 12, European Economic Studies Department, College of Europe. Available at https://tipg.link/NRgg.
* De Cooman, Jerome (2023). “Outsmarting Pac-Man with Artificial Intelligence, or Why AI-Driven Cartel Screening Is Not a Silver Bullet”. Journal of European Competition Law & Practice, 14 (4): 186-202. Available at https://tipg.link/NRfu.
* Deng, Ai (2017). “Cartel detection and monitoring: A look forward”. Journal of Antitrust Enforcement, 5 (3): 488-500. Available at https://tipg.link/NRfy.
* European Commission (2023). DG COMP Statistics 2023. Available at https://tinyurl.com/y4puh476.
* Fazekas, Mihály, Isabelle Adam, Yuliia Kazmina, Zsombor Teremy, Bence Tóth, Isabela Rosario Villamil and Johannes Wachs (2022). “Public procurement cartels: A systematic testing of old and new screens”. Government Transparency Institute, working paper series: GTI-WP/2022:01. Available at https://tipg.link/NRg0.
* Harrington, Joseph (2006). “Behavioral screening and the detection of cartels”. European competition law annual 2006: Enforcement of Prohibition of Cartels, Hart Publishing. Available at https://tipg.link/NRg2.
* Harrington, Joseph and D. Imhof (2022). “Cartel Screening and Machine Learning”. Stanford Computational Antitrust, 2: 133-154. Available at https://tipg.link/NRg5.
* Hofmann, Herwig and Isabella Lorenzoni (2023). “Future Challenges for Automation in Competition Law Enforcement”. Stanford Computational Antitrust, 3: 36-54. Available at https://tipg.link/NRg7.
* Huber, Martin, David Imhof and Rieko Ishii (2022). “Transnational machine learning with screens for flagging bid-rigging cartels”. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society, 185 (3): 1074-1114. Available at https://tipg.link/NRgL.
* Imhof, David, Yavuz Karagök and Samuel Rutz (2018). “Screening for Bid Rigging—Does It Work?” Journal of Competition Law & Economics, 14 (2): 235-261. Available at https://tipg.link/NRgN.
* Jourdan, Jérémie and Henry Gafsen (2022). “Competition Law and Fundamental Rights: Survey of Recent Developments Concerning the Right to Good Administration, Dawn Raids, Legal Professional Privilege, and Other Procedural Rights”. Journal of European Competition Law & Practice, 13 (4): 304-318. Available at https://tipg.link/NRgP.
* Lianos, Ioannis (2021). “Computational competition law and economics - an inception report”. Hellenic Competition Commission and BRICS, Competition Law and Policy Centre. Available at https://tipg.link/NRgQ.
* Mena-Labarthe, Carlos (2015). “Mexican Experience in Screens for Bid-Rigging”, CPI Antitrust Chronicle, June. Available at https://tipg.link/NRgR.
* OECD (2006). Prosecuting cartels without direct evidence. Available at https://tinyurl.com/2tfs3xv3.
—. (2013). Ex officio cartel Investigations and the Use of Screens to Detect Cartels. Series Roundtables on Competition Policy 147. Available at https://tinyurl.com/bdfvpp6a.
—. (2017). Algorithms and Collusion: Competition Policy in the Digital Age. Available from: https://tinyurl.com/4e4xv43m.
—. (2022a). OECD Competition Trends 2022. Available at https://tinyurl.com/yuwssd3a.
—. (2022b). Data Screening Tools for Competition Investigations. Available at https://tinyurl.com/5y87dhc6.
—. (2024). OECD Competition Trends 2024. Available at https://tinyurl.com/mx2mt34u.
* Pachnou, Despina and Daniel Westrik (2023). Developments in Cartel Screening, CPI Columns, January. Available at https://tinyurl.com/bc4v6ybr.
* Ragazzo, Carlos (2012). Screens in the gas retail market: the Brazilian experience, CPI Columns, March. Available at https://tinyurl.com/ycy5cxzx.
* Schrepel, Thibault and Teodora Groza (2023). The Adoption of Computational Antitrust by Agencies: 2nd Annual Report. Stanford Computational Antitrust, 3: 55-157. Available at https://tipg.link/NRgT.
* Schrepel, Thibault (2021). “Computational Antitrust: An Introduction and Research Agenda”. Stanford Computational Antitrust, 1: 1-15. Available at https://tipg.link/NRgV.
Silveira, Douglas, Silvinha Vasconcelos, Paula Bogossian and Joaquim Neto (2021). “Cartel screening in the Brazilian fuel retail market”. EconomiA, 22 (1): 53-70. Available at https://tipg.link/NRgW.
Zlatcu, Iuliana and Marta-Christina Suciu (2017). “The role of economics in cartel detection: A review of cartel screens” Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People, 6 (3): 16-26. Available at https://tipg.link/NRgY.
